ACCA P1考试：Bribery and Corruption

　　4.6 Best Practices

 

　　A strong (and comprehensive) legal system and sound corporate governance practice (as detailed above) are "no discuss" factors for reducing and combatting bribery and corruption—they are essential.

 

　　For a company to show that it has appropriate procedures in place to combat bribery, it must be able to clearly demonstrate that it has followed and applied the following principles:

 

　　Proportionality

 

　　Top-level commitment

 

　　Risk assessment

 

　　Due diligence

 

　　Communication

 

　　Monitoring and review.*

 

　　*The majority of the procedures suggested in the principles are directly parallel to good corporate governance procedures. So those organisations which apply, for example, the Code will have little difficulty in incorporating the Bribery Act requirements.

 

　　The following subsections provide an overview of each of the principles. Full details with a complete description of the suggested procedures must be downloaded and reviewed from the Bribery Act 2010 Guidance at www.justice.gov.uk/guidance/making-andreviewing-

 

　　the-law/bribery.htm.

 

　　4.6.1 Proportionality

 

　　Procedures to prevent bribery are based on the risks faced and the nature, scale and complexity of activities.

 

　　Procedures must be clear, practical, accessible, effectively implemented and enforced.

 

　　Topics to be embraced include:

 

　　Top-down approach, risk assessment, due diligence, communication, monitoring, review and evaluation.

 

　　Gifts, hospitality, donations and facilitation payments.

 

　　Employment procedures, contracts of employment, bribery within the scope of gross misconduct.

 

　　Zero tolerance of any form of bribery and corruption.

 

　　Business relations with associated persons and organisations (e.g. contracts containing specific zerotolerance clauses on bribery).

 

　　Business risk controls.

 

　　Transparency of all transactions and disclosure.

 

　　Enforcement and whistle-blowing (speak up).

 

　　Implementation of procedures for all areas of the business.

 

　　4.6.2 Top-Level Commitment

 

　　The top-level management of the organisation (e.g. board of directors, owners, equivalent body or person) are committed to preventing bribery by persons associated with it.

 

　　The culture in the organisation is one in which bribery is never acceptable.

 

　　Topics to be embraced include:

 

　　Effective communication of a zero-tolerance approach to bribery and corruption.

 

　　Consequences of breaching the policy (managers, employees, associated persons).

 

　　Business and social benefits of rejecting bribery, including the underpinning of market, investor and regulatory confidence in the organisation.

 

　　Effective leadership and top-level endorsement of all antibribery procedures and actions.

 

　　Independent oversight (e.g. by NEDs) of procedures, levels of compliance, feedback to top-level management and action taken on breaches.