12月ACCA冲刺提分:F7必考点及分值分布全面解析(上)
摘要:Part A Conceptual and regulatory Framework(考理论,Section A的选择题1-2道,2-4分) 考点1:IFRS framework的作用及内容 1.1 Framework为制...
Part A Conceptual and regulatory Framework(考理论,Section A的选择题1-2道,2-4分)
考点1:IFRS framework的作用及内容
1.1 Framework为制定准则给相关board提供指引,准则没规定的处理遵循IFRS的框架理念即可,
若framework与具体的准则(IFRS or IAS)冲突了,以IFRS为准1.2 Framework定义了财务报告的用途以及如何辨认财务信息的定性特征,定义了财务报告三要素的确认及衡量的一些concepts或assumption考点2:两大会计监管体系的区别
rule-based system Vs principle-based systemRule-based system:provide more detailed regulationsPrinciple-based system:give rise fewer accounting standards&requires the exercise of more judgment.
Part B IASs/IFRSs
自从2016年9月起,考题题型更改为Section A,B,C三部分,原来选择题总分值为40分,现在总分值为60分.
覆盖全部考纲内容,尤其是准则的运用,因此按其重要性对准则进行由高到底分级,共四级:
(一)IAS 16,12,17,33;IFRS 15,9,
IAS 16 Property,plant&equipment
(Section A或者Section B的案例选择题,6-10分以及section C的大题4-6分)考点3.Depreciation
Straight line or reducing balance method.一旦更改折旧方法,不进行追溯调整一旦重估后的资产,其折旧计算公式:revalued amount/remaining useful life。
题目会要求对Excess depreciation从revaluation surplus转移到retained earnings,JE:Dr revaluation surplus
Cr RE——只是代表所有者权益间的变动,不影响当期损益考点4.Disposal(选择题2分,或者大题2-4分)由单一科目disposal account汇集资产的销售行为:
JE:
Dr Cash/Bank
Cr PPE
Cr disposal gain/loss(β)
IAS12 Income tax
(Section C的大题3.5分,可能出现在section A或者section B案例选择题1-2道,2-4分)IFRS 15 Revenue from contracts with the customers(Section A或Section B案例选择题2-5道,4-10分,以及Section C大题2-4分)重点:
5-step model:运用在product+Service合同,收入确认按照五步法,(历年考题2012.12 Quincy note(i);2009.12 Sandow note(i)常考:
Agent sales:(历年考题2014.6 Xtol notes(i))Sale&return basis(consignment inventory):(历年考题2011.12 keystone(i))Sale&repurchase(历年考题2013.6 Atlas(i))
Factoring(保理):(历年考题2011.6 Highwood(Vi))必考:
IAS11 construction contract
确认stage of completion(包含input method&output method)Total profit ——recognize revenue&cost in the period in which the work is performedTotal loss ——recognize total loss immediately?Percentage of completion not measured reliably第一,recognize revenue to level of recoverable costs(costs to date)第二,recognize costs as an expense in the period in which it is incurred?常用format公式:
公式1.计算recognised profit
2.计算contract asset/GADFC/GADTC
IFRS9 Financial instrument
(Section A或Section B案例选择题2-5道,4-10分以及Section C大题2-4分)考点1.掌握如下三大类金融工具初始计量及期后计量;考点2.Redeemable preference shares
可赎回优先股,其本质是债务类金融工具,掌握它的计算公式如下:
参考历年考题:2008 Dec Q2 Candle note(iv)IAS 17 leases
考点1:区分两种lease:finance lease&operating lease(Section A或者Section B案例选择题1道,2分)Finance lease:只要满足如下五个条件中一个即可:
1)Ownership transferred
2)Bargain purchase option
3)Lease term/useful life 75%
4)PVMLP90%of FV
5)Specialized nature
Operating lease:other than finance lease
考点2:两种lease的会计处理
Finance lease:
Dr PPE(IAS 16)
Cr Liability(IFRS9)
Operating lease
Dr rental(逐年计提租金)
Cr payables/cash
易错点:如果有免租期,总租金也要在总租期内进行平均分配,即使第一年是免费的考点3:两种lease对财务报表的影响(Section A或者Section B案例选择题1道,2分)考点4:Sales and leaseback(Section A or Section B案例选择题出现1-2道,2-4分)两种类型:(1)Sales and finance leaseback
两种类型:(1)Sales and finance leaseback
Dr Cash
Cr Finance lease liability
If sales price>carrying amount——deferred income(over the lease term)If sales price<carrying amount——P&L
(2)Sales and operating leaseback(会计处理只需要了解)IAS 33 EPS(每股收益)
考点1:三种股票发行形式:Cash issue,Bonus issue,Rights issue分别各自的EPS计算以及corresponding EPS for previous year的计算(Section A或Section B案例选择题出现1-2道,2-4分,或者Section C大题出现3-5分)考点2.Diluted EPS(稀释的每股收益)的计算,(1)Convertible loan note:adjusted earnings/adjusted no of shares(2)Option/Warranty:
第一步:先算出免费发行的股数
第二步:总收益/(期初对外发行的股数+免费发行的股数)(Section A或Section B案例选择题出现1-2道,2-4分,或者Section C大题出现3-5分)